Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences is an international peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal. It publishes original works, surveys, speeches, and discussions and presents various viewpoints on important subjects related to all fields of science. The journal addresses the questions of scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries. PEER REVIEW Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a peer reviewed journal. We use a double blind peer review format. The average period from submission to first decision is 10 days. The average rejection rate for submitted manuscripts is 50%. The final decision on the acceptance of an article for publication is made by the Editor-in-Chief. Any invited reviewer who feels unqualified or unable to review the manuscript due to the conflict of interests should promptly notify the editors and decline the invitation. Reviewers should formulate their statements clearly in a sound and reasoned way so that authors can use reviewer’s arguments to improve the manuscript. Personal criticism of the authors must be avoided. Reviewers should indicate in a review (i) any relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors, (ii) anything that has been reported in previous publications and not given appropriate reference or citation, (ii) any substantial similarity or overlap with any other manuscript (published or unpublished) of which they have personal knowledge. Offers major works, speeches, and discussions presented to the Academy by eminent Russian and foreign scientists Addresses the scientist’s role in society and the role of scientific knowledge in the modern world Reports the work of the Presidium of the Academy, results of research groups, awards, prizes, and nominations